PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.